Who Loses When Two Nuclear Powers Start Fighting?

In May 2025, India and Pakistan exchanged air and drone strikes for four days. It was the most serious escalation between the two nuclear-armed countries in decades. Most of the bombs and missiles struck Kashmir, a disputed region that both countries claim, but administer only parts of.

Kashmiris live in fear on both sides of the Line of Control, which is the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The dispute between the countries dates back to 1947, when British India was partitioned into two new states and left Kashmir’s status unresolved. Since then, the conflict has sparked three wars, multiple armed uprisings, and repeated military confrontations.

The latest escalation has killed at least 70 people across both sides of the Line of Control. AJ+ talks to families who lost loved ones and suffered a barrage of attacks on their homes to hear from those who bear the brunt of the violence in the Kashmir conflict – the Kashmiri people themselves.

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